Retry Middleware

The retry middleware automatically retries failed KV operations with exponential backoff and optional jitter. This handles transient failures -- network blips, temporary unavailability, or lock contention -- without requiring retry logic in application code.

Installation01

import "github.com/xraph/grove/kv/middleware"

Usage02

import (
    "time"

    "github.com/xraph/grove/kv"
    "github.com/xraph/grove/kv/middleware"
)

store, err := kv.Open(drv,
    kv.WithHook(middleware.NewRetry(3)),
)

Constructor

func NewRetry(maxAttempts int, opts ...RetryOption) *RetryHook

Options

// Set the initial wait duration before the first retry (default: 100ms).
middleware.WithInitialWait(200 * time.Millisecond)

// Set the maximum wait duration between retries (default: 5s).
middleware.WithMaxWait(10 * time.Second)

// Enable or disable random jitter on retry delays (default: true).
middleware.WithJitter(false)

Full example with all options:

store, err := kv.Open(drv,
    kv.WithHook(middleware.NewRetry(5,
        middleware.WithInitialWait(200*time.Millisecond),
        middleware.WithMaxWait(10*time.Second),
        middleware.WithJitter(true),
    )),
)

Exponential Backoff with Jitter03

The retry middleware calculates wait times using exponential backoff:

delay = initialWait * 2^attempt

With jitter enabled (the default), the actual delay is randomized within 50-100% of the calculated value to prevent thundering herd effects when many clients retry simultaneously:

delay = delay * random(0.5, 1.0)

The delay is capped at maxWait to prevent excessively long waits.

Example Timing (defaults)

Which Errors Trigger Retries04

The retry middleware retries operations that return errors from the driver layer. These typically include:

• Network errors -- connection refused, timeout, reset

• Temporary unavailability -- backend overloaded, rate limited

• I/O errors -- transient disk or storage failures

The following errors are not retried:

• kv.ErrKeyNotFound -- the key does not exist (not a transient condition)

• kv.ErrKeyEmpty -- invalid input

• Context cancellation or deadline exceeded

Inspecting Retry Configuration05

You can query the retry hook's configuration programmatically:

retry := middleware.NewRetry(3, middleware.WithInitialWait(200*time.Millisecond))

// Get the maximum number of attempts
retry.MaxAttempts() // 3

// Calculate the backoff duration for a specific attempt (0-indexed)
retry.BackoffDuration(0) // ~200ms (with jitter)
retry.BackoffDuration(1) // ~400ms (with jitter)
retry.BackoffDuration(2) // ~800ms (with jitter)

Combining with Circuit Breaker06

For robust fault tolerance, combine retries with the circuit breaker. Register the circuit breaker before the retry hook so that the circuit breaker can reject requests immediately when the backend is known to be down:

store, err := kv.Open(drv,
    kv.WithHook(middleware.NewCircuitBreaker(5, 30*time.Second)),
    kv.WithHook(middleware.NewRetry(3)),
)

This prevents the retry middleware from making futile attempts against a backend that is already known to be unavailable.