---
title: Drivers
description: Backend-specific behavior for SQL, MongoDB, and Redis connections
deprecated: true
supersededBy: ['/docs/grove']
---

## SQL Backends (`postgres`, `mysql`, `sqlite`)

Implementation type: `*database.SQLDatabase`

### Behavior

- retries open with exponential backoff (capped)
- applies connection pool settings from `DatabaseConfig`
- wraps native `*sql.DB` with Bun `*bun.DB`
- attaches query observability hook
- supports transaction helpers with panic recovery

### Native Access

- `Driver() any` returns `*sql.DB`
- `DB()` returns `*sql.DB`
- `Bun()` returns `*bun.DB`

### Observability

- slow query logging (`SlowQueryThreshold`)
- query duration histogram and error counter
- optional auto-explain via `AutoExplainThreshold`

## MongoDB Backend (`mongodb`)

Implementation type: `*database.MongoDatabase`

### Behavior

- retries connect with exponential backoff
- configures pool limits and idle timeout
- derives DB name from `config["database"]` or DSN path
- adds command monitor for duration/error metrics

### Native Access

- `Driver() any` returns `*mongo.Client`
- `Client()` returns `*mongo.Client`
- `Database()` returns `*mongo.Database`
- `Collection(name)` convenience accessor

### Transactions

- supports `Transaction` and `TransactionWithOptions`
- recovers panics and records metrics

## Redis Backend (`redis`)

Implementation type: `*database.RedisDatabase`

### DSN Formats Supported

- standalone: `redis://host:6379/0`
- TLS: `rediss://host:6379/0`
- cluster: `redis://host1:6379,host2:6379/0`
- sentinel: `redis-sentinel://user:pass@host1:26379,host2:26379/master/0`

### Behavior

- parses DSN into `redis.UniversalOptions`
- auto-detects mode: standalone / cluster / sentinel
- applies pool and timeout settings from `DatabaseConfig`
- adds command and pipeline observability hooks

### Native Access

- `Driver() any` returns `redis.UniversalClient`
- `Client()` returns `redis.UniversalClient`
- `Pipeline()` / `TxPipeline()` convenience methods

### Transaction Semantics

- `Transaction(...)` uses WATCH-based flow
- `Pipelined(...)` and `TxPipelined(...)` include panic recovery

## Health and State Across Drivers

All driver wrappers expose:

- `Ping(ctx)`
- `Health(ctx)` returning latency + message
- connection `State()` and `IsOpen()`
- backend `Stats()` in a normalized `DatabaseStats` shape